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F-14 Prepares surface for finishing
Surfaces must be prepared so the product is ready to accept its final finish.
Sub-tasks
- F-14.01 Repairs imperfections
- F-14.02 Prepares parts for finishing
- F-14.03 Performs final sanding of surfaces
Preparing surfaces for finishing
Getting a product ready for its final finish: repairing imperfections, preparing parts (removing hardware, masking, hanging) and final sanding.
Key points
- Imperfections include excess adhesive, contaminants, blemishes, water spots, scratches, dents and machine marks.
- Nail holes, tear-outs and depressions are filled with auto body filler, wood filler and wax (lacquer) sticks. Depressions can also be steamed out.
- Hardware is removed so the finishing product can't contaminate it. Masking protects adjacent areas and hardware.
- Masking materials: masking tape, paper, painter's tape, peel coat.
- Eye hooks and hanging bars go in non-visible locations so parts can be hung for spraying.
- Final-sanding grits: 100, 120, 150, 180, 220. Sandpaper types: aluminium oxide, garnet, silicon carbide, ceramic.
- Cross-grain marks are sanded out with the grain. Dust is removed with vacuums and compressed air.
- Final inspection: visual, various light sources, specialty solvents, touch.
Overview
Surface preparation makes sure a product is ready to take its final finish. Task F-14 covers three steps: repairing imperfections, preparing parts (hardware, masking, hanging) and the final sanding of surfaces.
F-14.01 Repairs imperfections
What you do
- Check the material for imperfections against industry standards.
- Choose and use tools and equipment that suit the application.
- Sand and scrape off excess glue and blemishes until the defect can no longer be seen.
- Fill nail holes, tear-outs and depressions with auto body filler, wood filler or wax (lacquer) sticks.
- Steam the wood to remove depressions until the defect is no longer visible.
What you need to know
- The material to be finished, and its properties, characteristics and applications.
- Tools and equipment used to repair imperfections, and how to use them.
- Repair procedures, plus how to prevent and remove contaminants.
- Scraping and sanding procedures for removing glue or machine marks.
Range of variables
- Imperfections include: excess adhesive, contaminants, blemishes, water spots, scratches, dents, machine marks.
- Material properties include: species of wood, cuts of wood, grade of wood, grain, moisture content, veneer thickness.
- Tools and equipment include: scrapers, pneumatic sanders, putty knives, irons, sandpaper, rags.
- Contaminants include: silicone, solvents, excess glue, water, stains, pitch pockets, resin.
- Industry standards include: AWMAC, AWI, WI, CKCA, shop-specific standard.
F-14.02 Prepares parts for finishing
What you do
- Remove hardware so the finishing product can't contaminate it.
- Mask surfaces so adjacent areas and hardware are protected from finishing products.
- Install eye hooks and hanging bars/brackets in non-visible locations so parts can be hung for spraying, following shop-specific standards.
What you need to know
- Masking requirements, and masking materials with their characteristics and applications.
- The order of operations for finishing materials.
- The least visible locations for eye hooks and hanging bars.
Range of variables
- Masking requirements include: protection of hardware and other products, protection of adjacent colours or finishes.
- Masking materials include: masking tape, paper, painter's tape, peel coat.
F-14.03 Performs final sanding of surfaces
What you do
- Remove cross-grain marks by sanding with the grain.
- Choose and use tools and equipment that suit the application.
- Remove sharp edges by sanding, following industry standards.
- Pick the sandpaper grit to suit the finish and industry standards.
- Remove excess dust with vacuums and compressed air, following jurisdictional safety regulations.
What you need to know
- Material properties; abrasive supplies; types of sandpaper; the abrasive grits used for final sanding.
- Sanding procedures and the sequence for sanding parts.
- How to prevent and remove contaminants.
- Final-sanding tools and procedures, including scraping to remove glue or machine marks.
- How to do a final inspection of the surface after final sanding and before finishing.
Range of variables
| List | Includes |
|---|---|
| Abrasive supplies | sandpaper, scrapers, steel wool, sanding sponges |
| Types of sandpaper | aluminium oxide, garnet, silicon carbide (printed "silicone carbide" in the RSOS), ceramic |
| Abrasive grits for final sanding | 100, 120, 150, 180, 220 |
| Tools and equipment | scrapers, sanding blocks, orbital sanders, belt sanders, palm sanders, wide-belt sanders |
| Contaminants | silicone, solvents, excess glue, oil, water, excess filler |
| Procedures for final inspection | visual inspection, shining various light sources, applying specialty solvents, inspection by touch |
| Jurisdictional safety regulations | OH&S, WHMIS, workers' compensation boards, manufacturers' health and safety |
| Material properties | species of wood, cuts of wood, grade of wood, grain, moisture content, veneer thickness |
| Industry standards | AWMAC, AWI, WI, CKCA, shop-specific standard |
Source: Red Seal Occupational Standard – Cabinetmaker, Task F-14 (pp. 105–108). Abrasive name "silicon carbide": Ontario Cabinet Maker curriculum 438A, S1464.5, 5.2 (p. 32); NL Cabinetmaker Plan of Training, AK1252, objective 1 (p. 29).
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Sources cited on this page
- Red Seal Occupational Standard – Cabinetmaker, Canadian Council of Directors of Apprenticeship (CCDA) and Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) (2021 (Cat. No. Em15-3/37-2022E-PDF, ISBN 978-0-660-44580-9)). Where: Task F-14, pp. 105–108.
- Apprenticeship Curriculum Standard – Cabinet Maker, Levels 1, 2 & 3 (438A), Skilled Trades Ontario (2011 (438A, Levels 1, 2 & 3)). Where: Level 1, S1464.5 Adhesive and Abrasive, 5.2, p. 32.
- Plan of Training – Cabinetmaker (CabMkr_27-109_POT_NLCS_2022-03), Government of Newfoundland and Labrador – Apprenticeship and Trades Certification Division (April 2022 (aligned with the 2021 RSOS)). Where: AK1252 Joint Fabrication and Assembly, objective 1, p. 29.