D-10 Applies veneers

Overview

Task D-10 covers bonding wood veneer to a range of substrates in line with the design requirements and specifications. You are expected to know the methods and techniques for doing this. In this standard, a veneer is made of wood and has no backing. A veneer that has a backing is handled as a laminate sheet (see Task D-11).

The task has four sub-tasks: selecting the veneer, preparing the veneer and the substrate, adhering the veneer, and cleaning up the panel.

D-10.01 Selects veneers

What you do

• Identify veneer species by their individual characteristics.
• Identify veneer cuts according to the matching requirements.
• Balance the sheet to industry standards.
• Decide which defects and aesthetic features are acceptable or unacceptable under industry standards.
• Make sure there is enough veneer for the project. The standard ties the available quantity to flitch size.

What you need to know

• Veneer species, cuts, grades and reconstituted veneers, including their characteristics and applications.
• Veneer matching requirements.
• Veneer storage techniques and characteristics.
• Procedures for selecting veneers and for balancing a sheet.

Range of variables

• Species of veneers include: oak, cherry, maple
• Cuts of veneers include: rotary, flat, quarter, rift
• Grades of veneers include: AA, A, B, C, D, E, 1, 2, 3, 4
• Matching veneer includes: book, slip, diamond, swing, random, reverse diamond
• Defects include: mineral stains, knots, insect damage, heartwood/sapwood
• Industry standards include: AWMAC, AWI, WI, CKCA, shop-specific standard

D-10.02 Prepares veneer and substrate

What you do

• Select and use the tools and equipment the application requires.
• Calculate the optimum size of veneer leaves for application and appearance, following industry standards.
• Cut veneer to size to the project specifications.
• Join veneer pieces by taping or with tools and equipment.
• Repair checks and splits in veneer by taping or with hand stitchers.
• Cut the substrate to size to the project specifications, allowing for the edge treatment.
• Sand the substrate with sanders.
• Relax the veneer so it is suitable for laminating. You can do this chemically, following the manufacturer's specifications, or by adding moisture.

What you need to know

• Veneers (species, cuts, grades, reconstituted, matching, storage) and substrates, including their characteristics and applications.
• Methods for calculating how much material is needed.
• The tools and equipment used to prepare veneers and substrates, and how to use them.
• Methods for cutting veneers and substrates, edge treatment of the substrate, repairing veneers and substrates, sanding substrates and relaxing veneers.

Range of variables

• Tools and equipment include: mitre saws, shears, guillotine, veneer saw, edge gluers, stitchers
• Sanders include: thickness, drum, belt
• Industry standards include: AWMAC, AWI, WI, CKCA, shop-specific standard
• Species, cuts, grades and matching are the same lists as in D-10.01.

D-10.03 Adheres veneers to substrates

What you do

• Select and use the tools and equipment the application requires.
• Select adhesives according to the project specifications.
• Apply adhesives to the manufacturer's specifications while taking bleed-through into account.
• Press the veneer to the substrate, using a method that gives the required pressure.
• Inspect the veneer visually after it is applied to find delamination and other defects, and repair them where possible.

What you need to know

• Veneers (species, cuts, grades, reconstituted, matching), types of adhesives and types of substrates, including their characteristics and applications.
• Procedures for edge treatment of the substrate.
• Hazards associated with adhesives.
• The tools and equipment used to apply adhesives and adhere veneers, and the procedures for adhering veneers to substrates.

Range of variables

• Tools and equipment include: glue rollers, glue spreaders, veneer presses
• Methods (of pressing) include: vacuum press, hot press, cold press
• Species, cuts, grades and matching are the same lists as in D-10.01.

D-10.04 Performs final clean-up of veneered panels

What you do

• Select and use the tools and equipment the application requires.
• Scrape the veneer seams to remove tape, stitch residue and excess glue.
• Trim overhanging edges with tools and equipment.

What you need to know

• Wood grain characteristics that affect trimming.
• Which defects are acceptable, depending on species and grade.
• The tools, equipment and procedures for final clean-up of veneered panels.
• Veneer trimming techniques and procedures.

Range of variables

• Tools and equipment include: glue scrapers, sanders, rasps, sanding blocks, files, routers, planes, trimmers

Sub-task	Tools and equipment listed
D-10.02 Prepare	mitre saws, shears, guillotine, veneer saw, edge gluers, stitchers
D-10.03 Adhere	glue rollers, glue spreaders, veneer presses
D-10.04 Clean-up	glue scrapers, sanders, rasps, sanding blocks, files, routers, planes, trimmers

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Source: Red Seal Occupational Standard – Cabinetmaker, Task D-10 (pp. 81–86); Task D-11 descriptor on backed veneers (p. 87).